UpGrad_Me 2.0_Research_FV_EN

8 3.5% of the island population consisted of Third Country Nationals (TCN), mainly from Syria and the continent of Africa. The main challenges we observe are: • Lack of services provided to migrants and refugees • NGOs and other organizations must cover the shortcomings and inability of the state to provide sufficient support to migrants & asylum seekers • A gap in the existing legislation resulting in a lack of a structured integration plan The access for asylum seekers to the labour market is determined by the decision of the Minister of Labor, Welfare and Social Insurance, in agreement with theMinister of Interior. Asylum seekers may have access to the employment market one month after the date on which they submitted their application for international protection, in the following categories: manufacturing, trade and repairs, farming - agriculture, waste management and other activities: cleaning of buildings and outside areas, distributors of advertising or informative material, food delivery. A MNAR should be registered as unemployed in the district Labour offices in order to have access to the labor market. One could either ask the assistance of the labour office for job hunting or search for a job by themselves. As soon as an asylum seeker starts working, all the benefits from the social welfare office end. Spain Since the decree of the State of Alert in Spain on 14 March 2020, the employment situation, the precariousness, and the economic difficulties; have been accentuated, especially among the young population that is at risk of social inclusion, or in a situation of social exclusion. The social and labour inclusion of young migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Spain is a challenge nowadays. According to the latest data collected by the National Institute of Statistics, there are a total of 5,235,375 foreigners in Spain, compared to 47,329,981 of the total population (INE, 2020). In this sense, the percentage of migrants in the Spanish territory is 11.06%. Most of the migrants living in Spain come from Morocco, Romania, the United Kingdom, Italy and Colombia. In relative values, the highest population growth during 2019 was determined by people from Venezuela (39.8%) in first place, followed by residents of Colombia (31.3%), and Honduras (29.4%). The largest flows of the migrant population are from Latin America, due to cultural issues, as well as the ease of adaptation to the country, due to the knowledge of the Spanish language. Career guidance and labour orientation services Italy In Italy careers guidance falls under the competence of the Ministry of Labour (adult careers guidance), the Ministry of the University (careers guidance of students at the university), the Ministry of Education (careers guidance of students at primary and secondary schools), the Regions and the Provinces. During advice services, several activities (i.e. role-playing) finalize participant(s) to gain career development skills.