UpGrad_Me 2.0_Research_FV_EN

6 including their equal treatment in accordance with the international obligations of the Republic of Cyprus. Following the recession in 2009, unemployment was at its highest in 2014 following the 2012-13 financial crisis, with 16.1% of the 15+ unemployed, dropping to 7.1% in 2019. This number rose to 7.6% in 2020, where 18.2% of 15-24-year olds were unemployed compared to 6.9% of 25-64 year olds (CyStat, 2020; Table A1). Of the 34,291 unemployed people in Cyprus in 2020, 25,262 or 73.7% were Cypriot, 4, 975 or 14.5% were EU Nationals, and 4,055 or 11.8% were non-EU Nationals (CyStat, 2020; Table C4). As a country where approximately a fifth of the GDP, 22.7% in 2019 (KNOEMA, 2020), relies on tourism, Cyprus has been deeply affected by the pandemic and GDP has dropped to -4.5% (Ministry of Finance, 2021). These statistics show that young people are particularly vulnerable to unemployment, although there is no easily available data on MNARs. Spain According to its la test publication in December 2020, the “economic crisis” remains the main problem for people surveyed by the CIS, accounting for 42.6%, followed by the health hazards generated by the COVID-19 crisis (38%) and unemployment (28.1%) (CIS, 2021). Unemployment is not only one of the main concerns in Spain, but also a reality. According to the latest data provided by Eurostats, Spain remains the European Union Member State with the highest percentage of unemployment (16.2%), far above the average of the EU-27 (7.6%). This figure is especially high when we focus on youth unemployment, which is 22.4%, compared to 11.9% in the EU. According to data from the Ministry of Labour (2021), a total of 3.88 million people were unemployed in Spain in December 2020, with over 360,000 jobs destroyed in 2020 since the beginning of the pandemic, and ending six consecutive years of job recovery since the 2008 financial crisis (Ministerio de Trabajo, 2021). One of the great challenges Spain faces is the unemployment situation. According to the “Sociological Research Center” (CIS, in Spanish), the crisis generated by the COVID -19 has affected families in economic (34.9%) and labour (41.2%) fields. Migrants, Newcomers, Asylum Seeker, and Refugees ’ (MNAR) labour situation Italy In recent years, Italian society has been the fulcrum of different and interconnected migratory processes. Italy is a country of long-standing immigration, although new entries are highly related to family reunification and a limited number are for employment purposes. Many are those with a migrant background (their own or their parents') who acquire Italian citizenship, a phenomenon that in recent years has reached peaks of 150,000 to 200,000 units per year; not to mention the hundreds of thousands of foreign minors born or raised in Italy and still without recognition of citizenship.